On the circle, S1, with its standard Riemannian metric it inherits as a subspace of ℝ2, find a second-order ODE that is
- gradient but not Hamiltonian
- Hamiltonian but not gradient
- both gradient and Hamiltonian ("harmonic") (I think I have a heuristic proof there are no non-trivial ones)
- neither gradient nor Hamiltonian
Wash, rinse, and repeat with the closed surfaces
ReplyDeleteThis is all examples of harmonic second-order ODEs on ℝ https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2004616/vector-field-on-tangent-bundle-that-is-simultaneously-a-gradient-field-and-hamil
ReplyDeletePer a theorem of Marsden, a vector field is Hamiltonian if and only if, when viewed in syplectic coordinates, the Jacobian matrix is in the symplectic group at all points.
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